Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China Eva Moravcik and includes economic data from

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and other literary resources

and Rebels

Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China Eva Moravcik and includes economic data fromA woman, an Empress of immense wealth who was largely a prisoner within the compound walls of her palaces, a mother, a ruthless enemy, and a brilliant strategist: Chang makes a compelling case that Cixi was one of the most formidable and enlightened rulers of any nation. Cixi led an intense and singular life. Chosen at the age of 12 to be a concubine by the Emperor Xianfeng, she gave birth to his only male heir who at four was designated Emperor when